Urinary Fluid Electrolytes Essay -- Health, Hearth Disease

A 60 years old man was admitted into the hospital with congestive heart failure and a history of heart disease. Heart failure lead to this patients potentially fatal diagnosis of pulmonary and peripheral edema. The heart actively works as a double pump meaning that each side could independently fail. When the heart starts to fail, a reduced renal perfusion and sympathetic activation to the kidneys stimulate the release of renin. Renin will cleave on to angiotensinogen to create angiotensin I. Angiotensin I then travels through the lungs where the enzyme ACE cleaves off two amino acids to form angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone will increase the renal reabsorption of sodium and water. The increased volume can be deleterious leading to pulmonary and peripheral edema (Klabunde, PhD. 2007). When the left side of the heart fails pulmonary edema occurs. As the heart fails, the blood vessels become engorged with blood and pressure increases in the lung capillaries pushing fluid into the alveoli and lung tissue. As a result oxygen is unable to move as it typically would, causing a shortness in breath (Heller MD, 2009). If this was left untreated the patient may suffocate. The patient is also suffering from peripheral edema this is usually due to the right side of the heart failing. Once the right side of the heart fails, it can no longer effectively pump oxygenated blood through the capillaries. Blood then begins to stagnate in the bodies organs and fluid gets pushed into interstitial tissue (Marieb, 2010). Swelling generally occurs in the lower extremities and can cause permanent nerve damage if untreated. The patient was administered a potent loop diuretic to treat his edema, furosemide... ...opment of hepatic encephalopathy to worsen (Seifter, 2007). Hyperaldosteronism has also been associated with hypokalemia leading to renal cystic disease. Cysts begin to appear in the collecting duct epithelium leading to interstitial fibrosis. The cause of these cysts are unknown however ammoniagenesis seems play a role (Seifter, 2007). Furthermore, increased urination or polyuria is another complication. Increased thirst from the increase of angiotensin II also acts on the thirst center in the hypothalamus (Crumley, 2009). This is a mild form of diabetes insipidus. In conclusion, loop diuretics should be used with extreme caution when treating patients with congestive heart failure. Electrolytes test should be run frequently while on this medication. If this patient wouldn’t have come in his conditions could have worsened resulting in a life threatening situation.

Blood Brothers Essay

It feels like he is this omnipotent being and he is deciding the fate of all the children. It’s almost as if he is the emotion that everyone wants to avoid but no one is doing anything about it, Mrs Johnstone carries on in her life pretending that she isn’t superstitious and although there is this undying voice inside her saying that she is and one day Mickey and Edward are going to die. This voice is what the Narrator is, he is fate and Mrs Johnstone chooses to ignore it but she knows you can’t change fate. On the stage he is always there, he is omnipresent, this constant being there shows that the thoughts of Mrs Johnstone are still there and that nothing you do will undo the past. Mrs Johnstone has to live with the decision of what she has done but she chooses to ignore it. The Narrator can be viewed upon as the referee of life (or as you might ‘God’), you know the rules and now you have to follow the rules (the superstition) but Mrs Johnstone turns a blind eye, forgets about it and pretends that it will never happen, but she must follow the rules. Prejudice Prejudice is a fixed opinion, which is not based on a fair examination of the facts. The picture with the black and white boy and the so-called ‘magical stick’ (simply because we don’t know what it is) is a base of which many different scenes can be produced and discussions can take place. The children come across as innocent, possibly that they have no reason to be prejudice against each other but through past happenings (lynching in America and the KKK) their parents want them to be prejudice to supposable keep them from harm. It shows that possibly prejudice to this degree is only set in motion if something terrible happens by a specific ‘type’ of people (the KKK killing black people) and that when it comes down to it the people themselves are not the same as the people who have done this feat. Suppose that everyone in the world was white and everyone was the same religion, height, age etc. but despite this the KKK would exist and the lynching would still go on; people would find another way to view differences, where you live or even your surname. My point is that I think its human nature to take a dislike against different people, if you look back hundreds of years and people lived in remote places (tribes for example) and a tribe moved to join another tribe, because the new tribe is different it presents its self with a new variable, that it could jeopardise the well-being of the original tribe. So this original tribe will try and eliminate this variable (driving them away or even killing them) to stop it from harming their own tribe. You can translate this to the black people moving into America and the white people living there trying to protect them by getting rid of any new possible threat. Mickey and Edwards first meeting and an evaluation of two groups Francis (me), Jamie and Barry   There was a nice mime of the gun from me as I sat on the apron of the stage. It was good because the gun I made in my hands by pointing one of my fingers out and it looked as though it was a gun because it took the form of a gun well. We did some good work even though we had only one lesson to get it done in. It was good work because we learnt most of our words and got the blocking sorted. The giggling after the ‘F word’ was good because it was very childish because I and Jamie looked as if we were embarrassed.   My body language was good, my arms movements were exaggerated and typical of a seven year old because that is how the act with their arms.   Even though Jamie lost his place in the play, he didn’t come out of character and got back on tracks very quickly. Very good facial and body language from all of use and especially me, me and Jamie’s facial expressions matched seven year olds expressions and Barry’s face showed that he was ‘pissed off’ and he acted as though he was the boss by talking louder and demanding respect.We could of have improved by thoroughly learning the script and concentrating more on our actions. James and Richard   Both of them learnt the script and did not lose their place or forget their words. They didn’t fully use their hand movement so they couldn’t act exactly as a seven year old would because people at that age use their hands.   When they said the ‘F word’ they looked as though they were very excited and embarrassed. They looked like this because they acted as young people would when they heard a naughty word; they did this by having wide eyes and giggling immensely.   When James’ said ‘pissed off’ it was well done because it sounded as though he really was pissed off. Only on one incident did James forget his words, but nether the less he still kept in character and sorted it out by referring to the script. What I have learnt about the class differences between the twins I have learnt that Edward’s class is most probably upper class; either this or they are very rich middle class people. I have learnt that Mrs and Mr Lyons have a highly etiquette way of living, for example they do not allow swearing of any form whereas with Mrs Johnstone’s way of living swearing occurs frequently. Mickey’s class is probably lower class, which is they do not have a large amount of money or income. She has many children and works very hard for Mrs Lyons but still does not get a large income. I have learnt that it’s most likely that Mrs Johnstone’s family expresses their emotions more often than Mrs Lyon’s family; this could be because Mrs Johnstone does not have as much material possessions compared with Mrs Lyons so she spends more time in her free time with her kids. On the contrast Mrs Lyons has many material possessions so she doesn’t spend that much time with Edward because he’s playing with his toys (for example). The changing attitudes between Mickey and Edward Through the play the twin’s attitude changes in aspects of their lives, for example them being blood brothers forever and the relationship between each other. When they were both seven years old they took delight in knowing that they were born on the same day, furthermore they made each other their blood brother. They were both immensely thrilled by this new bond they made and longed to be like each other. However when they grew older their views on being a blood brother changed, especially for Mickey who grows up and realises that he previous action of becoming a blood brother is child’s play. He says that ‘while no one was looking I grew up’, and I think that because of his harsh life with not much money he stops believing in the childish act and starts realizing that he has to open his eyes and stop playing games. However with Edward he hasn’t got a single worry in his life because he has lots of money a good social life and really not many initial problems at all; so because of this he still believes in this ‘blood brother’ stuff because he hasn’t grown up and found out what the world was really like. He still lives in a pampered world where anything he wants (and because he is an only child he is spoilt) he gets, he can afford to play games and Mickey can’t. Edward doesn’t realize no important a job is, ‘why†¦ why is a job so important’ because he can live off his parent income if he wants to, but Mickey knows that without a job he’ll have no money and because he mum cant afford extra school he cant get the grades to get a good job. Mickey’s attitude towards life changes the most, when he was seven he saw everything as a game and didn’t have any real problem to worry about. Although as he grows up he realises that he needs money and a steady income and him being a blood brother with Edward is just a children’s game. On the other hand Edward has gone to university, he can use his parent’s money to give him anything he wants and he hasn’t yet realised what life is really like when your throw in the deep end without any support, so because of this his attitude of being a blood brother hasn’t changed dramatically. How we acted these changes out We acted out the first time Mickey and Edward’s first meeting, this showed that they are immensely fascinated with each other and wanted to be just like each other, furthermore on top of this they are born on the same day and become blood brothers. To show further how this friendship was good I wrote a monologue showing how Edward was dumfounded with Mickey’s knowledge and who he is and that he wants to play and be friends and blood brothers forever. Later on in the play where the most time and the most dramatic difference was noticeable where they had spent the most time away form each other was when Edward got back to Mickey from university. We acted this out in a workshop and showed that Mickey was extremely livid by his job and Edward’s fortune. Edward had friends he had money and he had just come back from university and he had a great time, whereas Mickey was just working for minimal pay ‘putting together cardboard boxes’. When we see Edward and Mickey meet for the first time Mickey expresses that he hasn’t grown up and he makes him ‘sick’. Mickey has put up with so much when Edward was at university and his nerves were stretched to breaking point and as soon as the person who is most like him in the world comes home and sees that he is doing very well, he snaps mentally. I think that this is why he is forced into taking drugs. We acted this difference out by showing that Mickey was very angry and livid by the thought of Edward and that he saw him self as a failure, no job and even when he had one it was a very poor job, and Edward doing extremely well makes him feel even worse. The workshop During the workshop I learnt that gesture and hand movements are very important to express emotions and that it isn’t all through the voice. I learnt that you can use swear words, gesture and actions which provoke something in the audience but only once or twice because after a couple of times it doesn’t have the same effect that it has the first time. I learnt to know that when your on the stage it’s your stage no one else’s so you do not have to rush what you are saying because you are the one on stage and nobody is their to take it away; space between what you are saying. Also that when Mickey is angry and listing all the things that he is angry about I know that it is a good idea to rise in anger as you progress, because Mickey thinks of one thing which makes him angry then he says another and he knows that there are many things that he is angry about; so it topples on top of all the things he is angry or upset about in one frame of mind. In the workshop I learnt that you must always try your best if you want to become an actor (or any other profession) and that if you have an ambition, you should pursue it fully. The best performance When the people in our group performed I thought that Ned performed well; although there is only one criticism I can offer. His charisma on the stage is very good; he projects his voice and shows very well what the character is feeling. When he was playing Mickey and expressing how Mickey felt about his life he did it in such a way that you felt very sympathetic towards him; me must have emphasised a lot to understand what he feeling. The only criticism I can make is that when he acts as though he is upset or angry he tends to do it all the same. His acting at expressing those emotions are very good but he tends to do the same acting for different characters. I just feel that not everybody is angry or upset in the same way, there are many different ways of being angry so I think he should a larger variety of different ways of expressing different emotions.

Financial Statement Analysis Financial Analysis - 759 Words

Woolworth Financial Analysis Financial statement analysis assists a business entity, business shareholders and other people interested, to analyze the figures in financial statements to present them with superior information about such most important factors for decision making and ultimate business survival. As exemplified by Gibson (2001), income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statements project the financial performance a company at the present and probably the future. According to the annual report 2014, Woolworth’s revenue is projected to rise by 4.09% annually. The group’s financial performance for the past four years is shown below. Table 1: Woolworths Limited Year Revenue AUD in millions Growth % 2010-11 54280 2011-12 55441 2.14 2012-13 58674 5.83 2013-14 60952 3.88 Average growth rate 3.95 The above table demonstrates a general idea of Woolworth’s revenue and growth all over a three-year period. It is equally important to recognize the financial position and operational results in which were the follow-on behind Woolworths’s steady growth. As a result, to identify these factors, the following ratios are used to evaluate Woolworths’ financial position and results of operations. ï‚ § Company Profitability ratio ï‚ § Liquidity ratio ï‚ § Activity ratio ï‚ § Financial Leverage Ratios 1. Company Profitability ratio As exemplified by Baker Powell (2005), profitability ratio assesses how successful a corporation has been in meeting its general revenue goals,Show MoreRelatedThe Implications Of Bank Specialization On Its Financial Statement Analysis1097 Words   |  5 PagesWhen making a financial analysis on a bank, the type of business it conducts need to be considered. Specialization can lead a bank to operate in different practices and have a varied structure of their balance sheet. If the structure and composition of the bank is not to be considered, financial statement analysis will provide misleading information. This report will investigate the implications of bank specialization on its financial statement analysis. Specialization Larger banks specialize inRead MoreLet s Talk About Financial Statement Analysis1874 Words   |  8 PagesLet’s talk about Financial Statement Analysis is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company’s financial statements to make better decisions. When you are dealing with financial statement analysis you will be looking at income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and a statement of retained earnings. The larger field of business analysis is very significant and essential. Forecasts and jeopardy are part of the process in business analysis. Most business will make sure they haveRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis And Financial Statements1704 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation to those that need it (Siam, Rashid, 2010). Financial statements analysis is very important to various users because it helps to express the overall financial health of the organization (Gibson, 2013). Managers use the financial statements to measure the profitability of a company, manage day to day activities and make important decisions about pricing, production that will benefit the organization (Gibson, 2013). Financial statements are also used to form contracts between organizationsRead MoreFinancial Statements And Financial Statement Analysis Essay3026 Words   |  13 PagesLITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION Financial statements are usually means of communicating information on a company’s operations. They contain information on the revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities and retained earnings of the business. 2.2 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS According to Drake (2010), financial statement analysis is the selection, evaluation, and interpretation of financial data, along with other pertinent information, to assist in investment and financial decision-making. Moreover, itRead MoreFinancial Analysis On Financial Statements854 Words   |  4 PagesFirm Performance: A Review of Financial Statements Financial crises like dot-com bubble in the late 1990s and the housing market crash in the late 2000s prompted investors, and firms, to reconsider the criticality of financial discipline. Transparency would be necessary to entice investors to spend money again, thus a firm’s financial statements became their marketing tools. These examples reinforce the importance of financial statements’ relation to the financial wellbeing of a company. ThisRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis : Financial Analysis1558 Words   |  7 Pagesyou hear the phase financial statement analysis, one wonders what is stands for. financial statement analysis is one of the most important part of any company to be successful. The reason companies rely on financial statements is for the company to come profitable even if the company is small or large. When companies use financial statement, it helps them to see if they are being profitable, by being used in different areas and reviewed by diffe rent departments. Chief Financial Officer and other executivesRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis1293 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Statement Analysis April Cruz, Litesha Forbes, Phillip Gibson, Jessica Hewlett, Lily James, Velda Justin, and Nzingha Reel ACC/561 September 27, 2010 Mark Tischler Financial Statement Analysis The accounting information of this paper provides a financial statement analysis for three distinct companies: Mercedes Benz, a foreign manufacturer of vehicles; Macy’s Inc, a retail department store, and American Airlines, an airline company. The analysis for each companyRead MoreThe Analysis Of Financial Statements1876 Words   |  8 PagesThe analysis of financial statements is the critical process that is aimed at assessing the present and past financial position and the results of operations that are carried out in a company. The primary objective of this analysis is to establish the best possible estimates and predictions about future results and conditions that the company can reach. It is based on two primary pieces of knowledge, where the first is the in-depth knowledge of the accounting model and the second would be the domainRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis4339 Words   |  18 PagesChapter 2 Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis 2-1. What are the four main financial statements? What checks are there on the accuracy of these statements? The four financial statements are: the balance sheet, the income statement, the statement of cash flows, and the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity. Financial are required to be audited by a neutral third party, who checks and ensures that the financial statements are prepared according to GAAP or accounting standardsRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis and Financial Forecasting4304 Words   |  18 PagesFinancial Statement Analysis and Financial Forecasting 4.1 Introduction. The lesson will consist of basic financial statements, its relevancy, reliability and quality as a basis for making decisions. Focus on the decision-making role of accounting system has to be elaborated. Also ratio analysis as decision tool with forecasting models is discussed. The basis concept of preparation of financial statement and its usefulness is included with ratio analysis. Cash flow analysis and financial planning